What you're prescribing is a Sisyphean task. How about beginning with some select passages...for instance: the Allegory of the Cave and Meno's Paradox from Plato... as an introduction. I've been reading my entire life, which is actually what I believe it takes to educate oneself. School should at best give one a map and point them in the right direction.

Not Podcasts! Podcasts go in one ear and out the other... more casual entertainment. Reading for comprehension is hard work that requires re-reading, marking up text, taking notes... and, ideally, discussion.